Researcher Database

（Last updated : 2022-03-25 11:57:46）

OGAWA Manako

Department / Course College of Letters International Studies and English Communication Program

Title / Position Professor

Other Affiliations
1.	Graduate School of Letters
2.	Kinugasa Research Organization Institute of International Language and Culture Studies

Academic background
1.	2004/05 Degree Acquisition	│ University of Hawaii Ph.D. in American Studies
2.	～2004/05	Doctorial Course │ University of Hawaii, Department of American Studies, Ph.D. program │ Completed
3.	～1995/05	Master Course │ Women's Studies │ Minnesota State University, Mankato │ Completed
4.	～1991/03	Department of Japanese History │ College of Letters │ Waseda University │ Graduated

Business career
1.	2017/04/01	Professor │ │ Ritsumeikan University

Committee and society
1.	2019/01	American Historical Association Committee on International Historical Activities

Research activities
1.		The Japanese Association for American Studies
2.		Japanese Association for American History
3.		American Historical Association
4.		American Studies Association
5.		The Japanese Association for Migration Studies
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Subject of research
1.	US-Japan Relations from the sea, Private Diplomacy, Immigration History

Research summary
Socialhistorical and political research on Japanese fishermen/women, distributors and manufacturers and their family members who emigrated to Hawaii from various regions of Japan, particularly, Wakayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi and Okinawa According to the agreement between the Meiji Government and the Kingdom of Hawaii (then an independent country), in 1885 thousands upon thousands of people began to emigrate to Hawaii. So-called government sponsored immigration started. Many of these people started to work in sugarcane plantations. Among them, some people who were from the seacoasts of Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Wakayama prefectures, etc., and had have experienced fishery emigrated to Hawaii and soon they started fishery in Hawaii. The Japanese Sea Peoples showed a remarkable performance and came to almost monopolize the local fishery. The Japanese people developed not only fishery but the whole marine products industry from distribution to manufacturing of marine products and had leading roles in the industry. On the contrary, Japanese people were put under Caucasian capital's control in sugarcane and pineapple cultivation that is a key industry in Hawaii and were politically and economically subordinate to them. However, because the Japanese fishermen had overwhelming presence and knew the waters in Hawaii, the ruling class including the President of the US and the US Navy came to suspect that they were the cat's-paws of the expanding Japanese Imperialism. Their suspicion reached its peak when the Japanese Army attacked the Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and Japanese fishing boats that were operating in the offshore of Hawaii became attack targets of US military aircrafts. In addition, the Japanese people were prohibited from going fishing during the War. As the result, the marine product industry of Hawaii was destroyed. After the War, when the waters of Hawaii were opened for Japanese again, the marine product industry began to be revived. The number of ship boats increased and the Japanese fishermen who had been operating before the War returned to the sea one after another. However, around the middle of the 1950's, the first generation of the Japanese fishermen was aged and many people retired. As the result, the marine product industry of Hawaii faced the problem of shortage of successors. To solve this problem, fishery households in Hawaii made a plan to invite fishermen from Okinawa which was then separated from the Japan mainland and put under the rule of the US armed forces. Since many fishermen aimed to come to the waters of Hawaii from Okinawa, the marine product industry of Hawaii was revived and corresponded with the increasing marine product demand that had been increased by the development of the tourist industry and the population growth. In this manner, the waters of Hawaii and those of Japan had been related with each other since the latter half of the 19th century until now and have a long history. Sea Peoples do not have lots of documentary records compared with Land Peoples. They are also reticent and do not tend to exaggerate their own experiences. However, while the Land Peoples regard a sea as a barrier to overcome and a line that separates between land and land, the Sea Peoples regard the sea as a life place. Therefore, I think that many important historical facts are overlooked if we research history form the viewpoint of the Land. If we look at the relationship between Japan and Hawaii from the viewpoint of the Sea Peoples, a very different spectacle is exhibited from the Land. In this manner, to approach various aspects of emigration of Japanese across the border from the viewpoint of the Sea Peoples is my research subject.

Present specialized field
Area Studies, Gender, Historical studies in general, Western History, Others (Keyword：Hawaii, US-Japan Relations,Pacific History,Private Diplomacy,gender)

Books
1.	2015/01	Sea of Opportunity: The Japanese Pioneers of Fishing Industry in Hawai‘i │ (Sole-authored)
2.	2015/04	The International Movements of the Japanese and Their Pacific World │ ,pp.190-220 (Co-authored)
3.	2012/10	Critical Readings on the History of Industrialization in Modern Japan, Volume Three │ ,pp.869-897 (Co-authored)
4.	2009/09/01	Through Women's Eyes: An American History with Documents; Since 1865 │ (Co-authored)

Papers
1.	2022	Konpira-san as Enemy Asset: The Contestation and Confrontation over the Interpretation of a Shinto Sea Deity and the Kotohira Jinsha v. McGrath Case in 1949 │ The Japanese Journal of American Studies │ 33,pp.45-65 (Sole-authored)
2.	2019/07	Gannenmono" and Hawaii: The Beginning of Japanese Immigration and its Legacy │ Ritsumeikan Studies in Language and Culture │ ,pp.3-16 (Sole-authored)
3.	2010	The Japanese and the Development of the Fisheries in Hawaii, 1900-1920 │ The Hawaiian Journal of History │ 44,pp.57-80 (Sole-authored)
4.	2007/01	The “White Ribbon League of Nations Meets Japan: The Trans-Pacific Activism of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 1906-1930 │ Diplomatic History │ 31 (1),pp.21-50 (Sole-authored)
5.	2007	Estranged Sisterhood: The Wartime Trans-Pacific Dialogue of the World’s Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 1931-1945 │ The Japanese Journal of American Studies │ (18),pp.163-186 (Sole-authored)
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Academic conference presentation
1.	2022/03/24	Konpira-san on Trial: The Japanese Guardian of the Sea in Hawaiʻi and Kotohira Jinsha v. McGrath Case in 1949 (Association of Asian Studies Annual Conference)
2.	2021/10/05	Sampan and Uncle Sam: The Collaboration and Confrontation between Hawai`i and Washington during the Mid-twentieth Century over Japanese Sampan Fishing in Hawaiian waters (Oceanic Asia: Global History, Japanese Waters, and the Edges of Area Studies)
3.	2021/06/15	Why Seascapes Matter: from the Viewpoint of Japanese Immigrants in Hawaiʻi (Sixth European Congress on World and Global History)
4.	2020/01/25	The Collaboration and Confrontation between Hawaii and Washington D.C. during the Mid-Twentieth Century over Japanese Sampan Fishing and the Exploitation of Nan'yo (Oceanic Japan: Environmental Histories of the Archipelago and the Sea)
5.	2019/11/08	The Dialogue over Japanese Fisheries in Hawaii and the Pacific during the First Half of the 20th Century (The Annual Meeting of the American Studies Association)
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